The Iron King

Richard, youngest son of York, grows from a loyal brother into the last Plantagenet king: Towton, Barnet, Tewkesbury, the princes in the Tower, and the charge at Bosworth that ends the Wars of the Roses. Sharon Kay Penman’s 1982 novel is medieval historical saga that restores Richard III as soldier, husband, and contested king—England’s most argued-over reign, told at full length.

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth comes back to Gwynedd as a boy to take the north of Wales, and King John later marries his illegitimate daughter Joanna to the prince he cannot hold as a vassal. Sharon Kay Penman’s 1985 novel is medieval saga historical fiction of that marriage across the early thirteenth century—Joanna between her father’s court and her husband’s Wales, and a principality Llywelyn spends his reign trying to keep free.

Orphaned in eleventh-century London, Rob Cole learns the barber-surgeon’s trade on the road, then walks east—through Europe and the Islamic world—to study medicine at Isfahan, where Christians are barred and he must travel as a Jew to sit under Ibn Sina (Avicenna). Noah Gordon’s novel is medieval historical adventure of a healer’s apprenticeship: plague, faith, and a journey from Dark Ages England to the best medical school on earth.

In the 980s red-haired Orm is taken off his father’s Scanian farm onto a Viking ship, then rowed through al-Andalus, the court of Harald Bluetooth, and Ethelred’s England, with his friend Toke beside him as Scandinavia is pressed to convert. Frans G. Bengtsson’s novel (Swedish parts 1941 and 1945; one English volume, 1954) is medieval adventure historical fiction of the late Viking Age, from a boy at the oar to a chieftain who has served Al-Mansur and outlived the year 1000.

In fourteenth-century Norway, headstrong Kristin Lavransdatter defies her father for the charming, reckless Erlend Nikulaussøn, then lives out a marriage, seven sons, and a faith tested by politics, guilt, and the coming of the Black Death. Sigrid Undset’s Nobel-winning trilogy is medieval historical fiction of one woman’s whole life against church, kin, and a frozen northern kingdom.

Born the bastard son of a Welsh princess, Myrddin Emrys—Merlin—grows from a watched child of visions to the prophet who faces High King Vortigern, crowns Uther Pendragon, and engineers the night that will conceive Arthur. Mary Stewart’s novel is medieval biographical historical adventure: a fifth-century Britain after Rome, told as Merlin’s own youth.